Dialysis is a medical procedure that has become a real breakthrough in the treatment of kidney disease. It allows to replace the function of these organs when they stop working properly. For many patients, dialysis is a chance to live a normal life, despite serious illness.
What is dialysis?
Dialysis is the process of cleansing the blood of harmful metabolic products, excess water and electrolytes, which in a properly functioning body takes place in the kidneys. When the kidneys fail, it is necessary to support their work through the use of dialysis.
Dialysis is essential for:
- acute renal failure,
- Chronic renal failure,
- Poisoning by drugs or toxic substances,
- Life-threatening electrolyte disorders.
Types of dialysis
There are two main types of dialysis:
1. hemodialysis:
- The patient’s blood is taken outside the body and passed through a special filter (dialyzer), where purification takes place.
- The procedure is usually carried out three times a week at a specialized dialysis center.
- It requires the creation of vascular access – usually by creating an arteriovenous fistula.
2. peritoneal dialysis:
- Dialysis fluid is introduced into the patient’s peritoneal cavity using a special catheter.
- The peritoneum acts as a natural filter through which toxins and excess water are removed.
- There are different types of peritoneal dialysis: CAPD (continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis), APD (automated peritoneal dialysis).
Preparing for dialysis
The decision to start dialysis is made by a nephrologist based on the patient’ s health and test results.
In the case of hemodialysis, it is necessary:
- creation of vascular access,
- Patient education on the principles of dialysis therapy,
- Often modification of diet and lifestyle.
For peritoneal dialysis:
- Insertion of a catheter into the peritoneal cavity,
- Detailed training of the patient and his family on how to perform dialysis at home.
Life with dialysis
Dialysis is a long-term therapy that affects many aspects of a patient’s life. It requires discipline and adjustment.
Dialysis patients should:
- Attend dialysis treatments regularly or perform dialysis treatments at home as prescribed by the doctor,
- Follow dietary recommendations,
- Monitor blood pressure and blood sugar levels,
- Take medication regularly,
- Take care of hygiene and avoid infections.
Complications of dialysis
Dialysis, although life-saving, can be associated with the occurrence of certain complications. These include:
- hypotension,
- muscle spasms,
- Nausea and vomiting,
- Vascular access infections,
- peritonitis,
- anemia.
Kidney transplant
For many dialysis patients, a kidney transplant is a chance to return to full function and a normal life. The transplant avoids the need for regular dialysis and reduces the risk of complications.
Support for dialysis patients
Dialysis patients can count on support from doctors, nurses, nutritionists and psychologists. There are also organizations and foundations that offer help and support to patients and their families.
Remember! Early diagnosis of kidney disease and the implementation of appropriate treatment can prevent the development of kidney failure and the need for dialysis. That is why regular check-ups and a healthy lifestyle are important.
