Coliform bacteria, actually Escherichia coli (E. coli), are microorganisms that everyone has probably heard of. They are often associated with food poisoning and health problems. However, the truth about these bacteria is much more complex. In fact, they play an important role in our bodies, and problems only arise when there is an imbalance.
What are coliform bacteria?
Coliform bacteria are Gram-negative bacilli belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. They naturally occur in the intestines of humans and animals, forming an important part of the bacterial flora.
Types of coliform bacteria:
- Commensal strains: These are bacteria that live in symbiosis with our body, aiding digestion, producing vitamins (such as K and B12) and protecting against the growth of harmful microorganisms.
- Pathogenic strains: Unfortunately, there are also strains of E. coli that can cause diseases ranging from mild diarrhea to serious urinary tract infections and even sepsis.
Coliform bacteria and human health
Positive impact:
- Digestion support: Coliform bacteria are involved in the breakdown of undigested food debris, facilitating the absorption of nutrients.
- Vitamin production: Synthesize B vitamins and vitamin K, which are essential for the body to function properly.
- Protection against pathogens: Compete with pathogenic bacteria for space and nutrients, limiting their growth.
Negative impact:
- Food poisoning: Consumption of food contaminated with pathogenic strains of E. coli can lead to poisoning manifested by diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting.
- Urinary tract infections: Coliform bacteria are the most common cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs), especially in women.
- Other infections: In rare cases, pathogenic strains of E. coli can cause meningitis, sepsis and even hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), which can lead to kidney failure.
Coliform infection – symptoms and treatment
Symptoms of coliform infection depend on the site of infection. In the case of food poisoning, gastrointestinal complaints predominate, such as:
- Diarrhea (often bloody)
- Abdominal pains
- Nausea and vomiting
- Fever
- General weakness
Urinary tract infection manifests itself:
- Pain and burning during urination
- Frequent urination
- Pain in the pit of the stomach
- Cloudy urine, sometimes with blood
If a coliform infection is suspected, a doctor should be consulted. Treatment usually consists of antibiotic therapy and, in the case of food poisoning, hydration and an easy-to-digest diet.
How to prevent coliform infections?
Prevention of E. coli infections is based primarily on compliance with hygiene rules:
- Personal hygiene: Washing hands regularly, especially after using the toilet and before preparing food.
- Food hygiene: Washing fruits and vegetables thoroughly, avoiding eating raw meat and eggs, and storing food at the right temperature.
- Drinking boiled water: Tap water can be contaminated with coliform bacteria, so it’s a good idea to boil it before drinking.
Interesting facts about coliform bacteria
- Coliform bacteria were discovered in 1885 by German pediatrician Theodor Escherich.
- E. coli is one of the best understood organisms on Earth.
- Coliform bacteria are used in biotechnology to produce drugs and other substances.
- Some strains of E. coli are used as model organisms in scientific research.
