Short-sightedness, or myopia, is one of the most common refractive errors of the eyes, especially among children and adolescents. It manifests itself in the difficulty of seeing objects at a distance, while near objects can be seen clearly. As civilization advances and more time is spent in front of screens, this problem is becoming more common.
Causes of myopia
Although the exact mechanisms of myopia are not fully understood, scientists point to several factors that may contribute to its development:
- Genetic factors: inheritance from parents of a predisposition to myopia is one of the most important risk factors.
- Environmental factors:
- Insufficient time spent outdoors: Studies show that children who spend more time outdoors have a lower risk of developing myopia.
- Excessive close-up visual work: Long hours spent at the computer, reading books at close range, and using smartphones can all contribute to the development of myopia.
- Vitamin D deficiency: Some studies suggest that deficiency of this vitamin may be associated with the progression of myopia.
- Growth of the eyeball: As the body grows, the eyeball elongates, which can lead to refraction of light rays in front of the retina and consequent myopia.
Symptoms of myopia in children
Shortsightedness in children can progress without characteristic symptoms, making it difficult to detect early. However, parents should pay attention to the following signals:
- Squinting: A child may squint to better see distant objects.
- Bringing objects closer to the eyes: When reading or watching TV, a child may unconsciously bring objects close to his eyes.
- Headaches: Prolonged eye strain can cause headaches, especially after prolonged visual work.
- Complaints of blurred vision: A child may complain that objects in the distance are blurred.
- Difficulties at school: Short-sightedness can affect academic performance, especially if a child has trouble writing on a blackboard or reading from a distance.
Diagnostics
Diagnosis of myopia in children involves a thorough ophthalmological examination. The ophthalmologist will conduct a series of tests to determine the degree of visual impairment and select appropriate corrections.
Treatment
Treatment of myopia in children aims to improve the quality of vision and slow the progression of the defect. The most commonly used methods are:
- Corrective eyeglasses: Eyeglasses with lenses of the correct optical power enable a child to see sharply.
- Contact lenses: Contact lenses can be an alternative to glasses, especially in older children.
- Orthokeratology: This is a method of using special contact lenses overnight that change the curvature of the cornea and thus improve visual acuity.
- Pharmacological therapies: Some studies indicate that eye drops can be used to inhibit eyeball growth.
- Refractive surgery: In some cases, when the visual defect is large and stable, laser surgery may be considered.
Prevention
Although the development of myopia cannot be completely prevented, there are some measures that can reduce the risk of developing it:
- Regular breaks during visual work: Every 20-30 minutes, it’s a good idea to take a short break and look away.
- Taking care of proper lighting: The study area should be well lit.
- Regular eye examinations: Check-ups with an ophthalmologist allow for early detection of vision defects and appropriate action.
- Outdoor physical activity: Spending time outdoors promotes eye relaxation and can slow the progression of myopia.
Summary
Short-sightedness in children is a serious problem that requires proper diagnosis and treatment. Early detection of the defect and appropriate measures can improve the child’s quality of life and prevent complications. Parents should regularly check their children’s vision and work with an ophthalmologist to ensure optimal care.
Important: The above article is for informational purposes and is not a substitute for visiting a specialist. If you have any doubts about your child’s vision, consult an ophthalmologist.
