Depression, while often seen as a mood disorder, also has a pronounced effect on the body. The physical symptoms that accompany depression can be varied and are often the first sign that something is wrong. Unfortunately, they are often underestimated, and patients end up at doctors of various specialties in search of the cause of ailments that are actually psychological in origin.
Effects of depression on the body – mechanisms
The relationship between the mind and the body is extremely complex. Depression causes a number of changes in the body at the level of neurotransmitters, hormones and the immune system. Dysбаланс of these systems leads to the appearance of various somatic symptoms.
- Neurotransmitters: Changes in the levels of serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine, key neurotransmitters associated with mood, motivation and energy, have a direct impact on the functioning of many body systems.
- Hormones: Elevated levels of cortisol, a stress hormone, and thyroid hormone disorders can exacerbate symptoms of depression and lead to additional complaints.
- Immune system: Depression weakens the immune system, increasing susceptibility to infections and chronic diseases.
The most common physical symptoms of depression
The physical symptoms of depression can vary widely and often mimic other illnesses. These include:
- Sleep disorders:
- Insomnia
- Excessive sleepiness
- Frequent nocturnal awakenings
- Problems with falling asleep
- Fatigue and lack of energy:
- Chronic feelings of fatigue
- Lack of motivation to act
- Reduced physical fitness
- Appetite changes:
- Loss of appetite leading to weight loss
- Increased appetite leading to weight gain
- Pains:
- Headaches
- Muscle and joint pains
- Abdominal pains
- Chest pains
- Gastrointestinal problems:
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Flatulence
- Nausea
- Other symptoms:
- A feeling of heaviness in the legs
- Changes in libido
- Chest pain
- Dizziness
- Dry mouth
- Cold feeling
- Changes in blood pressure
- Deterioration of vision
- Frequent infections
Diagnosis of depression with somatic symptoms
Diagnosing depression, especially when physical symptoms predominate, can be difficult. It often requires the cooperation of a family physician, psychiatrist and other specialists. The diagnosis uses:
- History: A detailed history of both physical and psychological symptoms is key to making a correct diagnosis.
- Physical examination: Helps rule out other causes of the ailment.
- Laboratory tests: Evaluate the functioning of various body systems.
- Questionnaires: Used to assess the severity of symptoms of depression and anxiety.
Treatment of depression with somatic symptoms
Treatment of depression with somatic symptoms is comprehensive and includes:
- Psychotherapy: cognitive-behavioral therapy is particularly effective in treating depression.
- Pharmacotherapy: antidepressants help regulate neurotransmitter levels in the brain.
- Complementary therapy: Relaxation, yoga, exercise can support drug treatment and psychotherapy.
When to seek help?
If you are experiencing chronic fatigue, pain, sleep disturbances or other distressing symptoms that affect your daily functioning, do not delay in seeking medical consultation. Early diagnosis and treatment of depression are key to improving your quality of life.
Summary
Depression is a serious illness that can have many faces. The physical symptoms of depression are often downplayed, delaying diagnosis and treatment. Remember that depression should not be kept quiet. If you suspect depression in yourself or a loved one, seek help from a specialist.
Attention:
The above article is for informational purposes and is not a substitute for visiting a doctor. If you have any doubts about your health, consult a specialist.
