X-ray (X-ray) is one of the oldest and most widely used imaging tests in medicine. It allows visualization of the inside of the body and diagnosis of a variety of conditions.
The principle of X-ray screening
X-ray examination uses X-rays (X-rays) that penetrate the human body. Different tissues absorb the radiation to different degrees, allowing an image of their structure to be obtained. Bones, being denser, absorb more radiation and are visible as white areas on an X-ray. Soft tissues, such as internal organs, absorb less radiation and are visible as shades of gray. The lungs, being filled with air, absorb the least amount of radiation and are visible as dark areas on the image.
Types of x-rays
There are many types of x-rays, depending on the body part being examined and the purpose of the examination. Among the most common are:
- Chest X-ray: allows evaluation of the lungs, heart, blood vessels and bones of the chest. It is used to diagnose pneumonia, tuberculosis, cancer, as well as cardiovascular disease.
- Abdominal X-ray: allows visualization of abdominal organs such as the stomach, intestines, liver and kidneys. It helps diagnose intestinal obstruction, kidney stones, as well as other conditions.
- X-ray of the skeletal system: is used to evaluate the condition of bones and joints. It is used in the diagnosis of fractures, dislocations, sprains, and osteoarthritis.
- Skull X-ray: allows visualization of the bones of the skull and brain. It is used in the diagnosis of head injuries, brain tumors, as well as other conditions.
- Dental X-ray: allows assessment of the condition of the teeth and jawbone. It is used in the diagnosis of caries, periodontal disease, and for planning dental treatment.
Preparation for X-ray examination
In most cases, the X-ray examination does not require special preparation. In the case of an abdominal X-ray, the doctor may recommend an easily digestible diet and avoiding bloating foods for several days before the examination. In the case of an X-ray with contrast, the patient may be asked to drink a special liquid containing a contrast substance that makes the organs being examined visible.
Course of X-ray examination
The X-ray examination is quick and painless. The patient is asked to undress to the waist and put on a protective apron. The radiology technician then positions the patient and takes the picture. While the image is being taken, the patient must remain still so that the image is clear.
Safety of X-ray examination
X-ray examination uses ionizing radiation, which in large doses can be harmful to health. However, the radiation doses used in medical diagnosis are very low and the risk of complications is minimal. Pregnant women should inform their doctor about their condition, as X-rays can be harmful to the fetus.
Advantages and disadvantages of X-ray screening
Advantages:
- Quick and easy to make
- Low costs
- Wide availability
- Enables the diagnosis of many conditions
Disadvantages:
- Exposure to ionizing radiation
- Limited ability to visualize soft tissues
- Some tests require the administration of contrast, which can cause allergic reactions
Alternative diagnostic methods
In addition to X-ray, there are many other diagnostic methods, such as:
- Computed tomography (CT): allows for more detailed images of the body’s interior than X-rays.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create images of organs and tissues.
- Ultrasonography (USG): uses sound waves to visualize internal organs.
Summary
X-ray is a valuable diagnostic tool that allows quick and effective detection of many diseases. It is widely available, relatively inexpensive and in most cases requires no special preparation. However, it should be remembered that it involves exposure to ionizing radiation, so it should be used with caution.
